Persuasive Speech - 895 Words

To be Persuasive we must be Believable An American literary theorist and novelist, Kenneth Burke, once said, â€Å"Wherever there is persuasion, there is rhetoric, and wherever there is rhetoric, there is meaning.† (Burke) Barack Obama, Martin Luther King Jr. and Fannie Lou Hamer all delivered powerful persuasive speeches that will go down in history. The use of these motivational individuals’ language and persuasion played a pivotal role within the civil rights movement, the movement that achieved the most important breakthrough in the equal rights legislation. We can observe this in the speakers’ rhetoric devices like ethos, logos and pathos. On the fiftieth anniversary of the events on â€Å"Bloody Sunday†, Obama gave a speech filled with†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† (King) The reference to his children helps charge an emotional image into the listener’s mind, more so because the listener is likely to pity the way the actions of others affect the younger generation. Logos appeals to logic, which allows the writer to address questions and counterpoints to anyone who may refute. You will discover the King’s use of logos during his speech when he argued, â€Å"It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro.† (King) While logos allows for discussion, this is a fact that nobody could deny, seeing as the people of color have shown great determination on countless occasions. Credibility is the quality of being trusted and believed in and a persuasive speaker will have the ability to convince their audience to do the action he/she proposes. King used the rhetorical device, ethos, when using an allusion to the Bible; â€Å"and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh see it together.† (King) People desire to know what the Bible has to say about the issues and questions of life and because of this allusion King used during his â€Å"I have a dre am† speech, it gained the trust of his audience and became one of the greatest speeches ever given during the civil rightsShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech : Automatic Speech Recognition1610 Words   |  7 PagesAutomatic speech recognition is a tool that allows computers to translate spoken language into written text. This technology can assist users in interpreting and using audio information for applications such as transcribing interviews, human-computer interactions, and many more. Speech recognition is an application the Ministry of Justice has expressed great interest in. They wish to automate the conversion of voice recordings of inmate phone conversations to text, which can then be analyzed forRead MorePersuasive Essay On Hate Speech1612 Words   |  7 Pages In the name of free speech, hate speech should not be tolerated. Hate speech has devastating effects on the people and communities it is targeted at. Left unchecked hate speech can lead to harmful and violent effects. Over the past few years, the effects of hate speech used on women, homosexuals, ethnic groups and religious minorities have become more and more apparent. Hate speech can be very divisive in many of the situations it is used, depending on who interprets the expression can vary howRead MorePersuasive Essay On Freedom Of Speech1083 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom of Speech When the rules and doctrines of our country were first being assembled, the right minded individuals with the power of legislature took a page from John Locke and affirmed that Americans are endowed with a list of natural rights upon birth. The first and arguably most important notch on that list if the frequently used and abused First Amendment, our freedom of Speech. The First Amendment solemnly declares that Congress is incapable of passing any legislation which inhibits a citizen’sRead MoreSpeech : The Persuasive Speech761 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the persuasive speech I was really nervous. I know that this is the third presentation that I had to do, but I really had a hard time talking in front of everyone. That was very weird for me because I thought that I would already be used to speaking in front of the class since I’m always talking in class and participating. In my opinion, I feel that I did more wrong than right during this presentation. I know for a fa ct that I kept repeating myself. The reason for that was because I was reallyRead MorePersuasive Speech1641 Words   |  7 Pagesto Public Speaking 14 November 2010 Persuasive Speech Reduce Landfill Waste by Reduce, Reuse and Recycling and the financial benefits I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Over half of the waste that ends up in the landfill does not belong there because it could have been recycled or reused. B. 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Thesis: The need for blood donors is crucial it could save a life of someone you know or your own. Introduction: A. Imagine you or someone you know needed blood to save their life. For example, if you were born with a heart defect and required a transfusion for a chance at life. What if there was no bloodRead MorePersuasive Speech1153 Words   |  5 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Topic: Organ Donation Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to donate their organs and tissues when they die and to act upon their decision to donate. INTODUCTION Attention: How do you feel when you have to wait for something you really, really want? What if it was something you couldn’t live without? Ladies and gentlemen I’m here today to share with you my views on organ donation, in the hope that you will take them on board and give someone the ultimateRead MorePersuasive Speech966 Words   |  4 PagesKourtney Watkins 07/31/2013 Persuasive Speech I. Attention Step A. 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Marketing Analysis Cabelas Brand Clothing And...

Cabela’s is a well-known retail company in the United States and Canada which advertises products of clothing and accessories for any outdoor activity such as hunting, fishing, camping, boating, etc. For example, the merchandise they sell in the store ranges from firearms to boats. Apparel offered by Cabela’s is well known for outdoor activities and needs; but popular name brand clothing and accessories for everyday use are also an option for any potential customer. Though the original retail store is an offer for shopping, customers can choose from many other ways of purchasing products. In most cases, waterfalls, mountain displays, aquariums, and shooting galleries are an added experience to in-store shopping. Cabela’s also offers ordering catalogs, in-store pick up, personal shipping destinations, or website/mobile shopping. Some of the retail competitors include Bass Pro Shops, Target, Amazon, The Sports Authority, Dick s Sporting Goods, Wal-Mart, and many others. Cabela’s was always my go-to for any outdoor activity. The range of products sold was massive just like the store building and floor plan. The unique aspects to Cabela’s attracts customers and viewers. In 1961, a man named Dick Cabela decided to sell fishing flies that he recently purchased at a furniture show in Chicago. Once he returned to his home in Chappell, Nebraska, he created a newspaper ad for the paper, Wyoming paper that read: â€Å"12 hand tied flies for $1.† Unfortunately, Dick Cabela could roundShow MoreRelatedCabelas Marketing5410 Words   |  22 Pages[pic] Cabela’s 2012 Strategic Marketing Plan Johnson Lee Integrated Marketing Strategy Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Situation Analysis 3 The Internal Environment 3 The Customer Environment 7 The External Environment 9 SWOT Analysis 12 Developing Competitive Advantages 12 Developing a Strategic Focus 13 Marketing Goals and Objectives 13 Marketing Strategy 13 Primary and Secondary Target Markets 13 Product Strategy 14

Balances of Values and Academiic Freedom of Inquiry Essay Example For Students

Balances of Values and Academiic Freedom of Inquiry Essay Balances of Values and Academiic Freedom of Inquiry Essay Dear Mr. R. Kirby Godsey, In the process of life we face many challenges and many crossroads. We have many choices and many decisions to make. In making these decisions we must keep in mind the moral values our parents have taught us since we were born. Those Christian values should guide our lives and the choices we make. These same values should also guide at school as well. In our pursuit of knowledge, we should keep these values in mind. In our never-ending road of learning, we are granted with many academic freedoms. We have the freedom to question and try to learn new ideas. We also have the freedom to disagree with the material presented to us. We can disagree and voice our opinions, but in an orderly fashion. In exercising those freedoms, we should do so with maturity and responsibility. As students, we are responsible for learning all the content of any course we study. We are free to take exception to the views or information presented to us, and we are free to reserve judgment about matters of opinions. Sometimes, in our quest for knowledge, there becomes a conflict between our beliefs we are accustomed to and the material presented to us. When there is a difference, we should not ignore the idea or block it out. We should feel free to learn and question new ideas. Just because we learn something doesnt mean we have to accept it. We should leave ourselves open to new ideas. When we do this we become very well rounded individuals. An example of this is the issue involving the debate between evolution and creationism. As Christians, we naturally believe in creationism, but we shouldnt stop learning about evolution because we dont believe in it. This makes us very close minded. We shouldnt stop learning about a subject just because we dont believe in it. One of our freedoms is the academic freedom of inquiry. This means we have freedom to question. We have the freedom to learn. We can still search for more answers, and we can learn different theories and still keep our beliefs. The trick in doing this is to balance all of this. We must be able to keep our beliefs and new ideas presented separated. We must be able to draw a line between what you learn and what you believe. In doing this we become open minded individuals. I believe if we can balance our values and our academic freedom of inquiry we have reached a whole new level of learning. Not many people can do this. It is hard to want to learn material presented to us that you dont particularly care for or believe in. When we learn to do this we are open to a whole new world of possibilities. I feel I have learned how to keep my morals and beliefs, while continuing my search for new ideas and information. I feel I have learned to balance these. I have found the line between the two , and I know when too far is too far. Since Mercer is a place where I can feel free to open myself to new doors and express my beliefs, I feel I would blend into the Mercer environment very well. I am open to new ideas and want to learn. I want to get the best education I can get and Mercer is the place where I can get it. I am willing to learn as much as I can, whether it is spiritually, academically, or intellectually. .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 , .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 .postImageUrl , .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 , .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7:hover , .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7:visited , .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7:active { border:0!important; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7:active , .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7 .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua35c294023cbeced03ec7883098fd8b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay ThesisSincerely, XXXXXXXXX .

Leadership Style And Behavior Among Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y free essay sample

Generation Y (born 1981 and 2000) is young worker, Generation X (born 1965-1980) is middle generation and Baby Boomers (Born 1946-1964) is older employers. Usually young workers want to make a quick impact, the middle generation needs to believe in the mission, and older employees don’t like ambivalence. It is important organization to take time and build the trusting relationship where each generation brings ahead their potentials and works towards the organization goal. The leaders should recognize the different work characteristics between generational groups and apply leadership styles that will positively contribute to employee motivation. As a result, due to the shifting nature of the job/task itself and the changing nature of subordinate characteristics and behavior. Leadership styles have also had to make changes. Accordingly, a task-oriented leadership style is more acceptable to Baby boomers but Generation X and Generation Y prefer to be managed under a relationship-oriented leadership style. Introduction The workplace has changed dramatically in recent years. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Style And Behavior Among Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today’s workforce can be divided into three distinct groups of people. There are the Baby boomers (Born 1946 and 1964), Generation X ( born 1965-1980) and Generation Y (Born 1981-2000, Millennial) . In the modern workforce, employees from many different generations are working together and closely both with people who are as young as their children and as old as their parents. Thus, managers are realizing that generation and age has just as much to do with employees’ hope, learning styles and expectation and other characteristics. For each generation there are particular experiences that mold specific preferences, expectations, beliefs and work style. Therefore, how these have impacted their work behavior and leadership styles. Understanding expectations and what emotion is driving their behavior is far more productive as oppose to jumping to a judgment based on a stereotype and leadership style differences. Somehow, learning how to communicate with the different generations can eliminate many major confrontations and misunderstandings in the workplace such as having problem with communication, leadership, relationships, and many more. The work characteristics of these generational group are an important issue for their leaders. It is known that employees with different work characteristics will be more effective and productive with different leadership styles (Tulgan, 1996). The investigation of work behavior and the corollary leadership style is therefore an important area for leaders who must lead and motivate the generational groups. 1. 0 Work Behavior Characteristic between Baby boomers, Generation X and Generation Y. 1. 1 Baby Boomers These are the post-war children, born between 1946 and 1964. Born in harsher, more restrictive times, this generation is characterized by either their early experiences of rationing or the post-war austerity of their parents, and view the workplace in terms of career jobs which they expect to hold for many years. They probably had one black and white television at home. Baby boomers are comfortable with manual working methods and hard work, but need to focus on one task at a time, which they like to follow to its conclusion. They expect a level of commitment and job security from their employers, and are driven as much by a sense of duty and pride to do a good job as by their salaries. Smart work clothing is essential, as is being early for shifts. The Baby Boomers rarely complain about their work load or other members of staff. Baby boomers tend to be more diligent on the job and prefer a more stable working environment (Loomis, 2000). The Baby boomers tend to work hard and are generally loyal to their employer. Baby boomers are willing and expecting to work with others. In term of leadership style, Baby boomers accept the chain of command. In addition, they expect their managers to give direction and to lead them towards organizational goals. They prefer teamwork directed by leaders in positional authority, and a task-oriented leadership style. Baby boomers are however, not highly technologically savvy, nor do they generally like change ( Raths, 1999). 1. 2 Generation X Born between 1965 and 1980, Generation X has strong ties to the Baby Boomers, but grew up in more prosperous times. As children, this generation was busy playing outside with their friends home was a place for dinner and sleep. They share a sense of respect and duty similar to their older counterparts, and also prefer to keep home and work separate. However, they are more comfortable using technology even though their lack of formative education in IT means that most are self-taught or have developed their skills in the workplace. They had a colour TV at home, and probably more than one. They can be known as, â€Å"techno-immigrants?. When researching projects and ideas, they dig deep and are thorough in their investigations. This group will report problems they see to managers, but are unlikely to be overly critical or pushy. In terms of employment, this group realizes that jobs for life are rare, but still thinks in five-to-ten year blocks. Holiday, pay rises, bonuses and sense of working for a successful company help drive these people. Work values for the X-ers emphasize personal satisfaction rather than just working hard. They tend to look for any opportunities to improve their working skills. They are loyal to their profession rather than to their employer. They are more individualistic. They have a high need for autonomy and flexibility in their lifestyle and jobs thus less need for leadership. They need self achievement from their job and basic needs at the same time and they do not want their work to impact negatively on their quality of life. Thus, they are less devoted to their jobs, and less job involvement occurs. In fact, job satisfaction is more important than promotion for the Xer. This is because Xers focus on life outside the job, their leisure, family, lifestyle and other interests are as important as their work. Xers can accept an unwanted or less desirable promotion if this suits their lifestyle. However they are not willing to make the sacrifices demanded by their organizations and turn into ‘workaholics’ ( Huichun Miller, 2005). 1. 3 Generation Y These techno-natives were born between 1981-2000 and grew up with laptops at home and at school. This group of workers are only just entering the workplace and therefore their influence at this time is still emerging. Consequently, Generation Y believes anything is possible with technology, and will use all available resources to teach themselves the skills which they require. Their childhoods were less outdoor orientated than previous generations, with the proliferation of technology in the home contributing to families increasingly spending their time in separate rooms, meaning that work and friends are often deemed more important than relatives. They were born of boomer parents and early X-ers into the current high-tech. Although the youngest workers, they represent the most technologically adept. They are fast learners and tend to be impatient (Zemke et al. , 2000) Generation Y tell managers if they are unhappy with anything. The line between work and home is blurred. Leaving university owing tens of thousands of pounds and faced with the apparent futility of meeting the debt many take the short term view and treat money as a disposable commodity. This carefree attitude carries into the workplace which has become a place to be with friends, not to earn money. Information is gathered by skimming and grabbing knowledge from friends through social networking and community forums. Multi-tasking is second nature, which also means that attention spans are short. Generation Y members know what they are worth, and treat each job as a stepping stone to the next stage in their career, with acquisition of new skills and experiences as important to them as earning more money. 2. 0 The Challenge The challenge is how to manage multigenerational workforces. Young workers want to make a quick impact, the middle generation needs to believe in the mission, and older employees don’t like ambivalence. Understanding differences between the generations is fundamental in building successful multigenerational workplace. Then the approach to finding balance between groups is to teach tolerance and encourage mutual understanding. Here is a brief description on characteristic of each generation (United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund, 2013) and perception of other generations (from study Gursoy et al. (2008). 2. 1 Characteristics of each generation : Baby Boomers (Born 1946-1964) Generation X ( Born 1965-1980) Generation Y , Millennials (Born 1981-2000) Big picture/ systems in place Bring fresh perspective Do not respect the titles Disapprove absolutes and structure Optimism team orientation Uncomfortable with conflict Personal growth Sensitive to feedback Health and wellness Personal gratification Positive attitude Impatience Goal orientated Multi-tasking Thinking Globally Self-reliance Flexible hours Informal work environment Just a job Tehno-literal Informal-balance Give them a lot to do and freedom to do their way Question the authority Confidence Sociability Morality Street Smart Diversity Collective action heroic spirit Tenacity Technological savvy Lack of skills for dealing with difficult people Need flexibility 2. 2 Perception of other generations TABLE 1 Perceptions of the Baby Boomers of other generations (a) Perceptions of Managers from the Boomers Generation of the X-ers and Millennials: They have no work ethic They are just slackers He has been here 6 months and he wants a promotion They are not very reliable They are not consistent They do not know how to dress for work They keep saying, ‘‘It is not my job’’ They see this job as a stepping stone to a better job They do not know how to dress up They have way too many piercing and tattoos (b) Perceptions of the Boomer employees of their Generation X managers: They are whipper-snapper babies They do not have the experience. They need to gain a lot of experience They do not know how to manage They do not respect life experiences They work too hard to try to prove themselves They lack people skills They do not know how hard employees work. Company should develop a program where managers walk in employees’ shoes They rely on technology too much Everything is in E-mail They are not consistent Table 2 Perceptions of the Generation X of other generations (a) Perceptions of the Generation X of employees from the Millennial Generation: They have no sense of urgency They lack ownership—‘‘not my job’’ You have to teach them a lot more—iron uniform, good customer service, do more than the minimum They seem to lack common sense/might be book smart They are quick learners They are in search of role models. They look to managers/supervisors for knowledge They are overconfident They want constant praise/acknowledgement They want to be thanked for doing what they are supposed to be doing They are very high maintenance They do not understand that this is a business driven by guests (b) Perceptions of the Generation X of employees from the Baby Boomer Generation: They are set in their ways. They do not like change Dealing with them and convincing them to do something requires extra time and effort They have very good work ethics They are slow. They learn at a slower rate Technology is very challenging for them They like caring for people, they are good with customers They are very customer oriented They are very responsible (c) Perceptions of the Generation X of their managers from the Baby Boomer Generation: They cut too many corners in order to reach financial goals to get their bonuses They are very loyal to the company They fear change They are not very appreciative of their subordinates They manage from their offices. They need to get out of the office and lead by example They are not part of the team. They fail to step in and help out when needed. They are basically administrators They do nothing to get to know employees They are not up to date From study Gursoy et al. (2008), as shown in Table 1, perceptions of the Baby Boomers of other generations as presented, managers from Boomers have a very low opinion of Generation X and Generation Y ( Millennial). Boomers managers thinks that younger employees have no work ethic and they are â€Å"slackers†. Moreover, Boomers employees do not have very high opinions of their Gen X managers because Baby boomers thinks that their Gen X managers do not have the experience to manage and that X-ers lack people skills and rely on technology too much. Also from study Gursoy et al. (2008), as shown in Table 2, perceptions of the Generation X of other generations. Its represent X-ers’ perceptions of employees and managers from the Boomer generation. The X-ers do not think very highly of Millennial employees. The X-ers think Millennials do not understand the nature of the business and they are slackers, but admit that Millennials are very quick learners. X-ers have very high respect employees from the Baby Boomer Generation. However , the X-ers believe that it is hard to gain the Boomer employees’ respect. The X-ers also believe that the Boomer employees are slow learners and not very good with technology. Moreover, when it comes to the X-ers’ perceptions of their Boomer managers, they stereotype the boomer manager as typical administrators, someone who manages from his or her office. This might be the reason why the X-ers think their Boomers managers are not good team players. Then, Boomer managers are too financially driven and they cut too many budget in order to reach minimum budget. Essentially, the Generation X see Boomers Managers as being out of date who still think that the rules and principle worked in the last century are still likely to work because they fear change. 3. 0 Leadership Styles for Different Generational Groups With alarming retirements of Baby Boomers, it will be increasingly important for organizations to attract and retain quality employees. In order to do so, we will need to develop new standards of human resource management in order to successfully connect with a multi-generational workforce. Workplace policies and leadership approaches may need to become flexible in addressing issues related to inclusiveness, recognition and alignment of generational values of workers in order to create greater work-life balance (Deloitte, 2006). Bridging the generation gap requires acknowledging that everyone is different. Generational differences are likely to be a source of frustration for leaders if they see those differences as potential problem areas (Lancester and Stillman, 2002). That is why if the leaders learn to appreciate those differences by focusing on positive attributes and take time to consider the strengths each co-worker brings to the workplace, they are likely to manage those differences effectively. So, every organizations should develop strategies that can be employed by the Baby Boomers and Generation X-ers to build better working relationships with each other ( Stencel, 2001). Also with Generation Y-ers. Although Generation Y-ers workers are only just entering the workplace and therefore their influence at this time is still emerging. Successful leaders are said to be able to adapt their leadership style to meet subordinates’ needs and particular situation (Huichun Miller, 2005). Since a large proportion of the workforce is under the age of 35 in today’s workforce, and today’s Generation X are strongly aware of changes in the labour market, their values and attitudes are often a reflection of their living environment. They look for opportunities and eager to improve their work skills compared to pervious generations. Those characteristic require different leadership styles than people from other generations with less education and skill (Tulgan, 1996) . Baby boomers were oriented into workplaces when corporate loyalty was highly valued and they expected long careers in the one organization. Then again, the generation X argued as being more resourceful, individualistic and irreverent than the Baby Boomers. In the workplace they aware of their rights and skill and less concerned with long term career goals and loyalty. They are easier to recruit but harder to retain in the organization (Huichun Miller, 2005). Whereas Generation Y, now just entering the workforce and they are technically skilled at a young age and IT aware. They are more individualistic than the X-ers, are comfortable at being a member of the global village and are very idealistic (Tulgan, 1996). So, knowledge workers see themselves more as ‘associates’ of the organization rather than ‘employees’. Thus, knowledge workers need to work in partnership more with their leaders rather than be managed by them. These characteristics will have implications for how leaders can influence these workers. Then, this emphasis changed to collaborative leadership. As a result, due to the shifting nature of the job/task itself and the changing nature of subordinate characteristics and behavior. Leadership styles have also had to make changes. Some experts recommend a task-oriented leadership style is more suitable to manage Baby Boomers and for Generation X, a relationship oriented leadership style is most appropriate (Mcgregor, 1996). This has demonstrated the changes reflected in organizations and how leadership styles have had to adapt to these changes in order to meet the emerging aspirations of different generational workers. It seems likely that a leader’s style is directly influenced by the work characteristics of the employees being managed. As shown in Table 3. TABLE 3 Leadership style preferences of the 3 generations (Warner. J Sandberg. A, 2010) 4. 0 Recommendation A key to bridging the generation gap is the ability of leaders to create a supportive work environment for an increasingly diverse population of worker. Leaders need to understand that everyone has something good to offer and they may bring something better to the table if they are given a chance. That is why if the leaders learn to appreciate those differences by focusing on positive attributes, they are likely to manage those differences and create a positive work environment. A useful leadership tools capable stimulating this situation might be Appreciation Inquiry. It offers a new way of dealing with organization development and human resource management by nurturing positive employee centered dialogue over deficit based thinking and problem solving processes. It benefits an organization by bridging the generation gap and facilitating the organizational goal and human needs within the organization. Application of the principles of positive inquiry may lower the tensions caused by the divergent generational interests that can result in political infighting, formation of power alliances and increased turnover. Studies suggest that increasing contact and building up a close relationship between members of opposite groups can result in decreased tension between group members, increased the liking for those members and generalize to more positive attitudes and evaluations of the group as a whole (Desforges et al. , 1991). Additionally, knowing that an in group member has a member of the other group as a friend reduces negative feelings towards that group and leads to more positive intergroup attitudes (Wright et al. , 1997). Creating cooperative interaction with members of other generations requires going out and interacting with people from different generations. Organizations need to find ways or create events that will enable employees to interact with each other. Generational integration in the workplace is likely to be mutually beneficial for both the organization and employees if it handled accordingly. This is likely to make the workplace a fun environment for employees, and likely to result in increased productivity, better employee retention and attraction of better employees. Conclusions The biggest danger might be the impact that emotionally unintelligent managers are having on the younger generations as a result of their reactions and judgements. Generation X and Generation Y employees leave managers and not organizations and manager inability to deal with the frustration that comes with managing the younger generation result in lost productivity, conflict in the workplace and increased turnover. Avoiding the trap of understanding generational differences cannot be overstated. It is critical for to know the new generation, connect with their preferred style and expectations. While entering into the situation, understanding expectations and what emotion is driving their behavior is far more productive as oppose to jumping to a judgment based on a stereotype and style differences. It is important to take time and built the trusting relationship where each generation brings ahead their potentials and works towards the common goal. The leaders should recognize the different work characteristics between generational groups and apply leadership styles that will positively contribute to employee motivation. Changes to job design, the system of rewards, and organization structure might also result. Management decisions based on valid models of employee characteristics are much more likely achieve success than those based on wrong or inappropriate assumptions (Stone, 1998). Literature indicated that Baby Boomers tend to be more loyal to employers and wiling to accept a ‘chain of command’ leadership style. Accordingly, a task-oriented leadership style is more acceptable to Baby boomers. On the other hand, X-ers seek their own power and voices and see authority as unreasonable toughness. They prefer their employer to treat them more as partner rather than a worker. Accordingly, Generation X and Generation Y prefer to be managed under a relationship-oriented leadership style.

Life as a Bug essays

Life as a Bug essays In Franz Kafkas fanciful novel The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa wakes up one morning to find that he as been transformed into a beetle. As the story progresses, we can see that Gregors life as a beetle is not all that different from Gregors life while in human form. Because of this we have to ask ourselves Does Gregor Samsa qualify as a human being? I believe that Gregor does not qualify as a human being and had stopped being truly human long before his metamorphosis. Writers and philosophers throughout history have pondered on what it means to be human. One of the most famous, Rn Descartes, declared Cogito, ergo sum I think therefore I am. But does Gregor meet this criterion; does he think? From the very beginning of the story Gregor emits a certain perpetual calm, his emotions never straying from a composed tranquility. Instead of being astonished or troubled by his transformation, Gregor wants to sleep again for a while and forget all this stupidity (Kafka p.201), as though suddenly turning into a bug doesnt disturb him at all. He only begins to worry when he realizes he is late for work. Gregor truly hates his job, even admitting that it is degrading (Kafka p.202), yet he stays in his miserable position in order to support his whole family and to get them out of debt. Each month Gregor willingly hands over his paycheque to the waiting hands of his family, the action accompanied by no remarkable effusiveness, (Kafka p.219) as though the famil y expects and even demands Gregors selflessness. The Samsas eat leisurely breakfasts and take naps in the afternoon while their son is out working an extremely stressful job to support them, instead of a family of his own. In fact Gregor has no social life, staying alone in his room every evening. His only companion is a framed picture of a beautiful woman, and he values it so much...

A to Z Animal Profiles List By Common Name

A to Z Animal Profiles List By Common Name Animals (Metazoa) are a group of living organisms that includes more than one million identified species and many millions more that have yet to be named. Scientists estimate that the number of all animal species- those that have been named and those that have yet to be discovered- is between 3 and 30 million species. The following is an A to Z list of animal profiles available at this site, sorted alphabetically by common name: A Aardvark - Orycteropus afer - An arched-backed mammal with long ears. Adà ©lie penguin - Pygoscelis adeliae - A penguin that gathers in huge colonies. African elephant - Loxodonta africana - The largest living land animal. American beaver - Castor canadensis - One of two living species of beavers. American bison - Bison bison - The majestic herbivore of the Great Plains. American black bear - Ursus americanus -  One of three North American bears. American moose - Alces americanus -  The largest member of the deer family. Amphibians - Amphibia - The first land vertebrates. Amur leopard - Panthera pardus orientalis - One of the worlds most endangered cats. Animals - Metazoa - The high-level group to which all animals belong. Arctic wolf - Canis lupus arctos - A white-coated subspecies of the grey wolf. Arthropods - Arthropoda - A highly diverse group of invertebrates. Asian elephant - Elephas maximus - The elephants of  India and Southeast Asia. Atlantic puffin - Fratercula arctica - A small seabird of the North Atlantic. Atlantic white-sided dolphin - Lagenorhynchus acutus - A most colorful dolphin. Aye-aye - Daubentonia madagascariensis - An odd-looking prosimian of Madagascar. B Badger, European - Meles meles - The mustelids of  the British Isles, Europe, and Scandinavia. Baleen Whales - Mysticeti - Bar-headed goose - Anser indicus - Barn owls - Tytonidae - Bats - Chiroptera - Beaver, American - Castor canadensis - Birds - Aves - Birds of prey - Falconiformes - Bison, American - Bison bison - Black rhinoceros - Diceros bicornis - Black-footed ferret - Mustela nigripes - Blue-footed booby - Sula nebouxii - Blue whale - Balaenoptera musculus - Bobcat - Lynx rufus - Bornean orangutan - Pongo pygmaeus - Bottlenose dolphin - Tursiops truncatus - Brown bear - Ursus arctos - Burchells zebra - Equus burchellii - C Caecilians - Gymnophiona - California sea hare - Aplysia californica - Canada goose - Branta canadensis - Canids - Canidae - Caracal - Caracal caracal - Caribou - Rangifer tarandus - Carnivores - Carnivora - Cartilaginous fishes - Chondrichthyes - Cats - Felidae - Cetaceans - Cetacea - Cheetah - Acinonyx jubatus - Chordates - Chordata - Cichlids - Cichlidae - Cnidaria - Cnidaria - Common dolphin - Delphinus delphis - Common seal - Phoca vitulina - Crocodilians - Crocodilia - D Dugong - Dugong dugong - Dusky dolphin - Lagenorhynchus obscurus - E Echinoderms - Echinodermata - Eland antelope - Tragelaphus oryx - Elephants - Proboscidea - Eurasian lynx - Lynx lynx - European badger - Meles meles - European common toad - Bufo bufo - European robin - Erithacus rubecula - Even-toed ungulates - Artiodactyla - F Firefish - Pterois volitans - Frigatebirds - Fregatidae - Frogs and toads - Anura - G Galapagos land iguana - Conolophus subcristatus - Galapagos tortoise - Geochelone nigra - Gastropods, slugs, and snails - Gastropoda - Gavial - Gavialis gangeticus - Giant anteater - Myrmecophaga tridactyla - Giant panda - Ailuropoda melanoleuca - Giraffe - Giraffa camelopardalis - Golden-crowned sifaka - Propithecus tattersalli - Gorilla - Gorilla gorilla - Gray whale - Eschrichtius robustus - Great white shark - Carcharodon carcharias - Greater flamingo - Phoenicopterus ruber - Green poison dart frog - Dendrobates auratus - Green sea turtle - Chelonia mydas - H Hammerhead sharks - Sphyrnidae - Hares, rabbits, and pikas - Lagomorpha - Hawksbill sea turtle - Eretmochelys imbricata - Herons, storks, ibises, and spoonbills - Ciconiiformes - Hippopotamus - Hippopotamus amphibus - Hummingbirds - Trochilidae - Hyenas - Hyaenidae - I Insects - Insecta - Irrawaddy dolphin - Orcaella brevirostris - Ivory-billed woodpecker - Campephilus principalis - J Jellyfish - Scyphozoa - K Koala - Phascolarctos cinereus - Komodo Dragon - Varanus komodoensis - L Lava lizard - Microlophus albemarlensis - Leatherback sea turtle - Dermochelys coriacea - Lemurs, monkeys, and apes - Primates - Leopard - Panthera pardus - Lion - Panthera leo - Lionfish - Pterois volitans - Lizards, amphisbaenians, and snakes - Squamata - Lobe-finned fishes - Sarcopterygii - Loggerhead turtle - Caretta caretta - M Mammals - Mammalia - Manatees - Trichechus - Marine iguana - Amblyrhynchus cristatus - Marsupials - Marsupialia - Meerkat - Suricata suricatta - Mollusks - Mollusca - Monarch butterfly - Danaus plexippus - Moose, American - Alces americanus - Mountain lion - Puma concolor - Mustelids - Mustelidae - N Neandertal - Homo neanderthalensis - Nene goose - Branta sandvicensis - Newts and Salamanders - Caudata - Nine-banded armadillo - Dasypus novemcinctus - Northern cardinal - Cardinalis cardinalis - Northern gannet - Morus bassanus - Northern bottlenose whale - Hyperoodon ampullatus - O Ocelot - Leopardus pardalis - Odd-toed ungulates - Perissodactyla - Orca - Orcinus orca - Ostrich - Struthio camelus - Owls - Strigiformes - P Panda - Ailuropoda melanoleuca - Panther - Panthera onca - Pelicans and relatives - Pelicaniformes - Penguins - Sphenisciformes - Pigeon guillemot - Cepphus columba - Pigs - Suidae - Polar bear - Ursus maritimus - Primates - Primates - Pronghorn - Antilocapra americana - Przewalskis wild horse - Equus caballus przewalskii - R Rabbits, hares, and pikas - Lagomorpha - Ray-finned fishes - Actinopterygii - Red-eyed tree frog - Agalychnis callidryas - Red fox - Vulpes vulpes - Reindeer - Rangifer tarandus - Reptiles - Reptilia - Rhinoceros, black - Diceros bicornis - Rhinoceros, white - Ceratotherium simum - Rhinoceros iguana - Cyclura cornuta - Rodents - Rodentia - Rodriguez flying fox - Pteropus rodricensis - Roseate spoonbill - Platalea ajaja - Ruby-throated hummingbird - Archilochus colubris - S Scarlet ibis - Eudocimus ruber - Sharks, skates and rays - Elasmobranchii - Shoebill - Balaeniceps rex - Siberian tiger - Panthera tigris altaica - Skates and rays - Batoidea - Skunks and stink badgers - Mephitidae - Snails, slugs and nudibranchs - Gastropoda - Snow leopard - Panthera uncia - Somali wild ass - Equus asinus somalicus - Southern tamandua - Tamandua tetradactyla - Sponges - Porifera - Spectacled bear - Tremarctos ornatus - Squamates - Squamata - T Tapirs - Family Tapiridae - Tiger - Panthera tigris - Tinamous - Tinamiformes - Toothed Whales - Odontoceti - Tuataras - Sphenodontida - Tufted titmouse - Baeolophus bicolor - Turtles and tortoises - Chelonia Tytonidae - Barn owls - W Wandering albatross - Diomedea exulans - Waterfowl - Anseriformes - Whale shark - Rhincodon typus - White rhinoceros - Ceratotherium simum - X Xenarthrans - Xenarthra -

Quantitative Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Quantitative Analysis - Research Paper Example of taste and preferences, time of the year, and economic changes among other factors and an understanding of occurrence of such seasonal factors and their effects on equilibrium price is necessary and is recommended. Times series analysis allows for identification of effects of trend and seasonality, that can then be separated in forecasting optimal price and is therefore necessary for effective planning and goal setting. Forecasted seasonality and trend informs on expected changes in optimal prices that can be used to retain customers and even attract new customers for a competitive market share. The analysis, based on an organization’s data or that of the industry’s average and the following equation, can forecast daily or weekly prices for unit commodities that the restaurant could sell. Comparative analysis of cost and revenues is another recommended quantitative best practice for the business. Two approaches inform profit maximization and their understanding and use in the business will ensure optimal profitability. The difference between total cost and total revenue defines obtained profits and can be used to define profitability (Korrapati, 2014). Understanding the maximum level profit that an entity can achieve is more important for efficient resource utilization and this identifies the concept of marginal returns. Profit is maximized when marginal cost equals marginal revenues. Data analysis on difference between unit cost of a product and its unit price is therefore necessary for understanding the point of equality. This, however, relies on other practices such as optimal pricing that could use time series and cost accounting into determination of unit cost. The following mathematical equation expresses to optimization point. The mathematical approach can also inform decisions on optimal prices given cost and production capacity. A restaurant has such capacity limitation to space and number of seats in the restaurant and with a known optimal number

A marketing analysis of Procter & Gamble Research Paper

A marketing analysis of Procter & Gamble - Research Paper Example .. 6. Brand Management at P&G†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 7. Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8. Current Market Share†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9. Individual Product Branding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10. Extending the Product Life Cycle of Existing Products†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11. Summary/Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12. Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13. Personal Learning through the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Works Cited Appendices A marketing analysis of Procter & Gamble 1. Purpose/Objective of Study The purpose of the research study is to examine the marketing prowess and strategies of the multi-national company Procter & Gamble (P&G), a business reporting $10.75 billion in net income in 2012. How Procter & Gamble is able to accomplish such significant revenues is likely attributable to not only the relevancy and sustainability of its products, but to its marketing prowess to gain consumer attention in multiple international and domestic markets. Th e objective of the study is to determine what aspects linked to marketing theory and practices contribute successfully to P&G’s capabilities to sustain its business longevity. 2. Executive Overview Research has identified that P&G is considerably competent in understanding how to market its products successfully to consumer segments with profit potential. Through a blend of psychographic segmentation and lifestyle-centric targeting and using quality-centric positioning tactics, the business is able to create a successful brand management strategy. Research has indicated that Procter & Gamble not only understands consumer behavior, but is able to translate this important knowledge successfully in its diverse portfolio of brands. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Procter & Gamble conduct further market research to gain a new perspective on the social condition for the contemporary buyer segments. 3. History and background of P&G Headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, Pr octer & Gamble was founded in 1837 by William Procter and James Gamble, a candle-making expert and soap producer in early America. By the time of the Civil War, P&G sales had topped $1 million. In today’s economy, adjusting for inflation between 1865 and 2012, this would be equivalent to $14.8 million (Friedman 1). During the Civil War, P&G was contracted to supply the Northern Army with much-needed candles and soap supplies, which provided P&G with much more visibility across the country. By 1911, Procter & Gamble could no longer sustain the high national demand for its products produced in Ohio, requiring development of new manufacturing and logistics centers across the country. Shortly thereafter, the business began producing Crisco which was a revolutionary food shortening product made from vegetable oil rather than the traditional method of using fats extracted from slaughtered animals. While P&G still continued to focus on household soap products, Procter & Gamble diver sified into foods production that drove much of its strategic focus through the 1970s. Procter & Gamble also began sponsoring radio programs with the advent of the consumer radio network, which coined the phrase

An argument in support of using abortion in extreme cases Essay Example for Free

An argument in support of using abortion in extreme cases Essay Across America, the topic of abortion is still something that is regarded as taboo to speak about. Even in today’s society where it is more commonly brought up, the stigma surrounding the medical procedure has not gone away. There’s a rift between those who are pro-life and pro-choice, and each group has their own reasoning why or why not abortion should or should not be criminalized. The controversy about abortion is mainly rooted in the pro-life group believing that a fetus has the same rights as a born child and the mother. This stems into our government as well, where we have staunch republicans and democrats arguing back and forth over abortion. This also includes people who are incredibly religious and believe that it would go against God’s wishes, as humans are made in his image. Those who are pro-choice believe safe, legal abortions are a right and should be a readily available option to any woman who chooses to have one, no matter the circumstance. Abortion should definitely be an option and that it should be a woman’s right whether or not to get one, and that she should be the only one to make that decision, not the government. There are many reasons why abortions should be an option, and some of those reasons are that they would help end surprise and unwanted pregnancy, end pregnancy that was caused by rape or incest, and help women who are not in a place to be able to support a child financially or otherwise. Abortion should be a viable option for women without having to worry ab out government involvement, on the state or federal level, or the social stigma surrounding the procedure. Abortion is able to help end surprise pregnancy safely without going to extreme, dangerous lengths. Based on a survey, the percent of women who got an abortion due to unintended pregnancy in 2008 was incredibly low, at under 5% (Finer, et al. 89). Those who argue While having sex, there’s no guarantee that protection will be effective, as condoms can break and birth control does not promise to work 100% at the time. While the average break rate of condoms while being used in a relationship is a mere 7.4% (Althaus 191), there is still that looming risk of it failing. On the other hand, birth control pills are roughly 91% effective, with just a 9% rate of failure (plannedparenthood.org). In the case of either of these contraceptives not working, the risk of pregnancy is high. When people use contraceptives, they are typically trying to avoid becoming pregnant at all costs, and when the methods of prevention fail and one becomes pregnant, it is going against their overall plan. E specially when thinking about teenagers or young adults, this can cause a problem with their future and goals. In 2014, 249,078 babies were born to women between the ages of 15 and 19 (CDC), and while the number is down compared to previous years, it’s important to acknowledge that teenage pregnancy is still an issue around America. While some would argue that an unplanned pregnancy is a miracle, it should be left up to the woman who is pregnant if she wants to keep the baby or not. In the case that she doesn’t, she should be able to turn to Planned Parenthood or another doctor to help assist her with an abortion without any worry about having to do it illegally. Those who argue that they don’t want their tax dollars going towards abortion don’t really have anything to worry about. While Planned Parenthood receives around $500 million in public funding, none of it can legally go towards funding abortions (Kliff). This is why Planned Parenthood and the ide a of safe abortions are such a crucial element of the pro-choice movement. In the state of Florida, health plans cannot cover abortion costs, so if a woman wanted to get one, she would have to purchase a rider at an additional cost (Jerman, et al). While abortions are not covered by health plans, Viagra is and that contributes to the rampant sexism that plagues the United States. In the most extreme cases, women who are raped or forced into an incestuous relationship should have an option to end the pregnancy. Even if a woman does not get raped and just experiences an unplanned pregnancy, she should have control over her body autonomy (Cohen). Pro-lifers tend to forgo giving the mother any sort of value in regards to her interests and reasons why she would give up her fetus. They give the fetus’ rights precedence over the mother’s (Cohen). If a woman gets raped and it results in an unwanted pregnancy, she should not be forced to carry the baby to full term. Some may argue that she should give birth and then just put the child up for adoption, but in a society where so many children are already part of the adoption system, that would not be the most effective idea. In addition, making a woman carry a baby that is her rapists’ is unethical and detrimental to the woman’s mental, and possibly physical, health. Incestuous relationships are not as common as rape, but should still be considered when discussing safe abortions. Chances are, a woman in an incestuous type of relationship would have been raped, which ties into how unethical it would be to have her give birth to the baby. Not only is there the risk of biological defects, but the woman would endure incredible amounts of stress. Forcing a woman to carry a baby after she was raped, either by a stranger or a family member, is torture. The woman would go through her pregnancy reliving the rape repeatedly, remembering the horrible event which would create extreme emotional trauma. Some women just are not capable of supporting a child at the time they become pregnant, whether it’s accidental or purposeful. Different factors can contribute to why a woman cannot support a child, including the environment they are in. Over one in seven women are living in poverty in America (NWLC), and if a woman cannot properly support herself, she cannot provide for a child. If a girl is living in an abusive household, it would be unreasonable to bring a child into such an environment. If it’s an unsafe place for a woman, it would definitely be unsuitable for a child, let alone a baby. While the environment is a contributing factor to why a woman cannot support a child, money is a big reason why as well. A woman is financially unstable and can barely support herself, and she gets pregnant. If she can’t support herself, she will not be able to provide for a child. Despite there being an act that was passed to protect abused women, the Violence Against Women A ct (Kandaswamy), it, unfortunately, doesn’t put a stop to domestic abuse across the country. It does, however, provide more shelters and services to protect women, which gives them another option aside from abortion if they aren’t comfortable with receiving one. While some would suggest putting the child up for adoption in this scenario as well, most women would not want to go through the process of carrying a child and paying for doctors’ appointments if they’re not going to keep the child in the end. The adoption and foster care system in America has over 400,000 children in it (Argys, et al), and while some children get adopted quickly or even reunited with biological parents, many children are stuck in a never-ending cycle of foster families. Adoption, while a good idea to some, could be detrimental to the child in the long-run. If money is already an issue, the cost of being pregnant would take a toll on the girl throughout the nine months. Abortion needs to be a safe option for women, no matter the circumstance of their pregnancy. By the government getting involved in a woman’s decision to get an abortion, or other people protesting to try and get Roe vs. Wade overturned, it presents a question of whether women have the right to do what they want with their bodies. In 2010, anti-abortion activists shifted their rhetoric from the federal government to state governments to force restrictions regarding abortion (Hopkins Tanne), even though 22 out of 50 states had some form of restrictions on the procedure. Most abortions that are performed are done within the first trimester, though there are statistics that say that about 13% of abortions in the United States are done during the second trimester (Boland). Interestingly, Florida abortion laws as of 2017 are more restrictive than many other states (Jerman, et al). Women can only receive abortions 24 weeks after their last period, and even then, they may only choose to get an abortion is their life is in danger (Jerman, et al). A woman’s life should not have to be endangered before the option of abortion is presented to her. Those who believe that is unethical and murder should think about repercussions of forcing a woman to carry a baby they do not want. Pro-life organizations believe it is not morally right to abort a baby, but by making a woman carry out a pregnancy against her will is just cruel, and by definition, unethical. Providing options for safe abortions for women should be included in health care in all states, and unfortunately, that’s not how it is. Using healthcare to back up why abortion should be dealt with better in America is a popular argument, and seems to be the root of arguments on both sides of the topic. While more people are coming around to be accepting of abortion, there are still groups of people vehemently against it for one reason or another. A popular reason for disagreeing with the procedure is based on religious beliefs and support of a traditional family (Johnson, et al. 40). Despite claiming to be religious and in support of all life, their ideas fall short when they oppose abortion, as they could be potentially putting another human life at risk by wanting to deny access to abortion. A good example of claiming to be saving lives, but in the face doing the opposite, rests in a case from Kansas where an anti-abortion activist shot an abortion doctor (Tanne 285). The shooter, Scott Roeder, defended his actions in court by claiming he was really saving lives (Tanne 285). The doctor he shot happened to provide late-term abortions (Tanne 285) for those who needed it, and he was one of the only doctors in the country to provide that service, which creates a new problem of taking away someone who could have saved lives. The idea that killing someone who was an abortion doctor saves lives in the end is nothing sort of ironic An interesting connection to this idea is that those who are at the highest level of moral thinking consider all lives to be special and worth saving, but those who neglect to realize that abortion can save someone’s life fall out from that theory of moral cognitive thinking. That being said, laws restricting abortion are not on a national, federal level but rather on a state by state basis (Tanne 1051), which leaves room for people to protest abortion easier than if it was strictly at a federal level. For many anti-abortion activists, they prohibit abortion because they hold the belief that a baby starts at conception, and that a fetus can feel pain (Tanne 1051). In order to get their views out there, often anti-abortionists will resort to violence. The type of violent acts committed range from arson to bombings and butyric acid attacks (Jacobson, et al. 189). This violent rhetoric they hold has some irony to it considering they yell about how all lives are important, and then they turn and cause loss of life by committing these terrorist acts (Jacobson, et al. 190). In addition to the loss of some life, the attacks caused property damage, the need for more security around the abortion clinics that were attacked, and increased stress on those who worked at the clinics (Jacobson, et al. 190). While those who participate in the violent acts feel like they’re in the right because they’re fighting for a cause they care about, they are really just causing terror and wreck ing havoc around cities. Anti-abortion in the United States has been an ongoing issue for a long time now, and recently the Trump administration have begun working on cutting back support of the UN and the World Health Organization (Vogel 287). The first and possibly biggest problem that arose with this bill is that it brought back a Reagan-era policy that bans nongovernmental organizations that are funded by the United States from providing abortions, informational, referrals, or even advocating for more liberal abortion laws in whichever country the NGOs are in (Vogel 287). It’s been brought back into action throughout every Republican administration since it was initiated when Reagan was in office, and it’s known as a Global Gag Rule. America deciding to revoke funding means that nongovernmental organizations will lose between 8 and 9 billion dollars worth of their funds (Vogel 287). Despite abortion being left on a state to state basis here in the States, the country will now not help other countries that are in need of help of abortion access. The last time this rule was implemented, more than 20 developing countries lost all access to contraceptives, which in turn led to higher abortion rates (Vogel 287). In addition to losing contraceptives, this rule also causes health care services to be completely shut down and cut off in some areas, meaning all citizens lost their health care (Vogel 287). As of this moment it isn’t known how much the rule will affect other countries now, but over time the effects will be seen, whether in lack of access to contraceptives again or having women turn towards unsafe methods to receive an abortion. As far as social paradigms go, the abortion conflict aligns most with the ideas of functionalism and symbolic interactionism (Keirns). Abortion and symbolic interactionism go hand in hand, as that social paradigm is viewed on a micro level, and abortion happens to only affect certain groups of people. One way abortion can be looked at through this lens is by looking at the anti-abortion groups, such as the religious ones and general pro-life crusaders, and examining their views. People’s views are shaped by interactions with other, not counting socialization that they may have experienced growing up. Those who are pro-life are passionate and adamant that the fetus developing is a human and deserves rights of its own, while those who are pro-choice argue that the woman who is carrying the fetus’ should have the decision to terminate her pregnancy if she so chooses.   The conflict between these two groups of people could also align with the conflict theory, however, it doesn’t happen within all of society, which makes abortion better suited for micro theories as opposed to macro. The idea of people who are against abortion and believe that women should carry the baby whether or not she wants it is rooted in sexism, as it reduces a woman down to a baby-carrying stereotype while also neglecting her opinion on the situation. From a structural functionalist point of view (Keirns), those who subscribe to that sociological paradigm could view abortion as something that is negative for family, as the family is viewed as the center of society. This theory is a macro-level theory, which differentiates it from the symbolic interactionist view of abortion, as functionalists would look how abortion works throughout the entire society. To some degree, a functionalist could be pro-choice, if only looking at the potential benefits it could have for society, although, as the family is central to this paradigm, this isn’t as likely as a pro-life functionalist. Functionalism and abortion don’t go as well together as symbolic interactionism do, but functionalists could examine abortion as a way of gauging if a family is no longer the center of society or not. Speaking generally, other sociological ideas that surround the abortion debate include poverty, gender, and culture (Keirns). Poverty is involved when thinking about abortion as it affects so many people, and if someone cannot afford to raise a child, they may turn to abortion as an option or get help from Planned Parenthood. The entire abortion problem is rooted in gender (Keirns), as it is predominantly a woman’s problem, and gender plays a large role in why some are anti-abortion. As stated earlier, many people believe in the notion that a woman should carry a baby no matter the circumstances. In addition to that, women are often shamed for getting abortions and are called derogatory slurs in the process. Whenever that happens, sexism is brought to the forefront of people’s arguments, as calling women by slurs is once again rooted in sexism. When women do get abortions for whatever reason, they could be considered deviant in some eyes, as she is straying away from th e norm some people hold about keeping the child. Finally, culture also plays a role in abortions, as culture influences everything around the world. In the United States, there is a divided culture over abortions, and there’s still a taboo surrounding talking about it sometimes. While it is more openly discussed in modern times, the taboo is still there, which is why some people are uncomfortable to talk about such a thing. While it is still considered controversial to speak about in today’s society, abortion should be a topic that’s freely discussed and improved upon as time goes on. Providing safe abortions for women across the country ensures that they can end surprise pregnancies, not be forced to carry a baby as a result of rape or incest, and give women an option if they are not able to support a child. This debate has gone on for decades now, and there is a very harsh divide between those for and against the medical procedure. Both those who oppose abortion and those who are outspoken advocates of it have strong opinions that frequently clash together. With the current way the country’s politics are, it appears more and more people are being outspoken about their view of it, whether it’s pro-choice or pro-life. In the past few months, there have been marches for and against abortion, and it’s clear that the American people are passionate about this hot topic. Fr om a sociological perspective, the interactions between the pro-life and pro-choice seem to be increasing as new generations emerge and form their own ideas on the topic of abortion. Culture continues to affect abortion, and as time goes on, the abortion fight will continue on with the development of society, whether for worse or for better. However, in the end, it should be a woman to decide on what to do with her body, and not the government, or other Americans. Works Cited About Teen Pregnancy.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 26 Apr. 2016. Web. 15 Mar. 2017. Althaus, F. Study Finds Low Condom Breakage Rate, Ties Most Slippage to Improper Use.  Family Planning Perspectives, vol. 24, no. 4, Jul/Aug92, pp. 191-192. EBSCOhost, db02.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=9212211758site=ehost-live. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Argys, Laura, and Brian Duncan. â€Å"Economic Incentives and Foster Child Adoption.†Ã‚  Demography, vol. 50, no. 3, 2013, pp. 933–954., www.jstor.org/stable/42919906. Web. 13 Mar. 2017. Boland, Reed. â€Å"Second Trimester Abortion Laws Globally: Actuality, Trends, and Recommendations.†Ã‚  Reproductive Health Matters, vol. 18, no. 36, 2010, pp. 67–89., www.jstor.org/stable/25767363. Web. 11 Mar. 2017. Cohen, I. Glenn. Are All Abortions Equal? Should There Be Exceptions to the Criminalization of Abortion for Rape and Incest?.  Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics, vol. 43, no. 1, Spring2015, pp. 87-104. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/jlme.12198. Web. 14 Mar. 17. Finer, Lawrence B., and Kathryn Kost. â€Å"Unintended Pregnancy Rates at the State Level.†Ã‚  Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, vol. 43, no. 2, 2011, pp. 78–87., www.jstor.org/stable/23048865. Web. 11 Mar. 2017 Jacobson, Mireille, and Heather Royer. â€Å"Aftershocks: The Impact of Clinic Violence on Abortion Services.†Ã‚  American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, vol. 3, no. 1, 2011, pp. 189–223., www.jstor.org/stable/25760251. Web. 16 April 17. Johnson, Stephen D., and Joseph B. Tamney. â€Å"Factors Related to Inconsistent Life-Views.†Ã‚  Review of Religious Research, vol. 30, no. 1, 1988, pp. 40–46., www.jstor.org/stable/3511839. Web. 15 April 17. Jones RK and Jerman J, Abortion incidence and service availability in the United States, 2014,  Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2017, 49(1), doi:10.1363/psrh.12015. Web. 15 Mar. 2017. Kandaswamy, Priya. â€Å"‘You Trade in a Man For the Man : Domestic Violence and the U. S. Welfare State.†Ã‚  American Quarterly, vol. 62, no. 2, 2010, pp. 253–277., www.jstor.org/stable/40664735. Web. 15 Mar. 2017. Keirns, Nathan J., et al.  Introduction to Sociology 2e. Houston, TX, OpenStax College, Rice University, 2015. Kliff, S. 2015. â€Å"A Government Shutdown Fight is Brewing. This One is Over Planned Parenthood.† Vox, September 10. NWLC Analysis of 2014 Census Poverty Data.  NWLC. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. Planned Parenthood Controversy Revives Abortion Debate.  Penn Bioethics Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, Fall2015, p. 7. EBSCOhost, db02.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=117725282site=ehost-live. Web. 15 Mar. 2017. Parenthood, Planned. What Is the Effectiveness of Birth Control Pills?  What Is the Effectiveness of Birth Control Pills?  N.p., 27 Dec. 2016. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. Tanne, Janice Hopkins. â€Å"Killer of Kansas Abortion Doctor Is Convicted of Murder.†Ã‚  BMJ: British Medical Journal, vol. 340, no. 7741, 2010, pp. 285–285., www.jstor.org/stable/25673930. Web. 17 April 17. Tanne, Janice Hopkins. â€Å"US Anti-Abortion Activists Use State Laws to Reduce Access.†Ã‚  BMJ: British Medical Journal, vol. 340, no. 7755, 2010, pp. 1051–1051., www.jstor.org/stable/40702011. Web. 15 Mar. 2017. Vogel, Lauren. US Anti-UN, Anti-Abortion Orders Threaten Global Health.  CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 189, no. 7, 21 Feb. 2017, pp. E287-E288. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1503/cmaj.1095390. Web. 16 April 17. Yung, Corey Rayburn. How to Lie with Rape Statistics: Americas Hidden Rape Crisis.  Iowa Law Review, vol. 99, no. 3, Mar. 2014, pp. 1197-1256. EBSCOhost, db02.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=94993552site=ehost-live. Web. 13 Mar. 2017.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Depending on who you talk to, you get different opinions on what subject that you’ve studied in high school will help you most out in the real world. Ms. Bow tried to tell you it’s being able to diagram sentences and understand Shakespeare. Mr. Roberts, on the other hand, has a picture of a toppling bridge that says "Engineer missed just one Trig assignment." If you’ve spent a lot of time staring at Mr. Groon's podium during lectures, you’ve read that "He who knows only his own generation remains always a child." But what does this all mean, how do we truly apply everything we’ve learned in the past four years to the rest of our life, and what really is the most important thing to take away with us from high school? Well, I’ll tell you my opinion: This diploma that we will all receive in a few minutes doesn’t just represent the facts we’ve memorized or the skills we’ve developed. I think the most important thing we can take away with us from Eldridge High School is our experiences that have shaped our lives. Any time you have worked hard to bring up a grade in a class, or set a goal and accomplished it, or anytime you’ve improved a skill, or challenged yourself to do something nobody thought you could do, you have helped shape the person you are becoming. You never know when you will need to diagram a sentence, or when knowing the cosine of 270 will come in handy. Never assume that because you don’t see the necessity of studying certain subjects that it is not worthwhile to study them. I have often heard people say that they will never be able to "use" it in real life, whether it be history or analytical proofs, but they don’t know that. And even if you don’t use something direc tly, you could be using it indirectly in ways you... ... They got that way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes and listening to you talk about how cool you are. So before you save the rain forest from the parasites of your parents’ generation, try "delousing" the closet in your own room. RULE 8: Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life has not. In some schools they have abolished failing grades; they’ll give you as many times as you want to get the right answer. This doesn’t bear the slightest resemblance to ANYTHING in real life. RULE 9: Life is not divided into semesters. You don’t get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you find yourself. Do that on your own time. RULE 10: Television is not real life. In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs. RULE 11: Be nice to nerds. Chances are you’ll end up working for one.

China Environmental Pollution Control Essay

Report overview: Research Beam adds a report titled â€Å"Environmental Pollution Control Equipment Markets in China† that provides latest market trends and opportunities. The report offers detailed analysis of the Environmental Pollution Control Equipment Markets. China’s demand for environmental pollution control equipment has grown at a fast pace in the past decade. In the next five years, both production and demand will continue to grow. This new study examines China’s economic trends, investment environment, industry development, supply and demand, industry capacity, industry structure, marketing channels and major industry participants. Historical data (2002, 2007 and 2012) and long-term forecasts through 2017 and 2022 are presented. Major producers in China are profiled. Complete report is available at : http://www.researchbeam.com/environmental-pollution-control-equipment-in-china-market Table of contents: I. INTRODUCTION Report Scope and Methodology Executive Summary II. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Economic Outlook Key Economic Indicators Industrial Sales Population and Labor Foreign Investment Foreign Trade Financial and Tax Regulations Banking System and Regulations Foreign Exchange Taxes, Tariff and Custom Duties To Get Purchase Enquiry of Report : http://www.researchbeam.com/environmental-pollution-control-equipment-in-china-market/purchase-enquiry III. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY ASSESSMENTS Environmental Pollution Control Equipment Industry Overview Industry Structure and Composition Market Size Market Growth Drivers IV. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT SALES AND DEMAND Overview Environmental Pollution Control Equipment Industry Outlook Environmental Pollution Control Equipment Sales and Demand Air Pollution Control Equipment Sales and Demand Air Pollution Control Equipment Sales Foreign Trade Air Pollution Control Equipment Market Demand and Outlook Pricing Trend Water Pollution Control Equipment Sales and Demand Water Pollution Control Equipment Sales Foreign Trade V. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT MARKET OUTLOOK Environmental Pollution Control Equipment Markets Outlook Overview Industrial Sales by Region Northeast North Southeast Southwest Northwest VI. MARKETING STRATEGIES Distribution System in China China’s Distribution System Environmental Pollution Control Equipment Distribution Channels Transportation and Freight Infrastructure Communications Market Entry Channels Exporting to China Export Market Overview Chinese Trading Practice VII. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT PRODUCER DIRECTORY Environmental Pollution Control Equipment Producer Profiles Distributors Trading Companies Research Institutions and Associations Get Enquiry About Report: http://www.researchbeam.com/environmental-pollution-control-equipment-in-china-market/enquire-about-report

Elementary school Essay

1. 1 Age 1. 2 Gender 1. 3 Family income 2. What are the effects computer online games on the study habits of selected grade VI pupils at San Gabriel Elementary School? 3. Is there any significant difference on the effects of computer online games to the respondents’’ study habits in terms of their profile? HYPOTHESIS This study tested the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference on the perception of the respondent between the effects of computer online games and the study habit of grade VI pupils of San Gabriel Elementary school. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY. This research is important to the Parents of the youth. For them to know what are thing that influence using online games. Also to prevent the bad influence of online games to their children, for parents to be able to protect their children from influence of online games. To the youth, they should know the effects of online games to their study habit. Children should know the limitation of using online games and set their priorities. To the teacher, the second parents of the youth. This research is important to guide them to handle this kind of situation and to know how to assess their pupils. Future researchers can make use the results of this study as a basis for them to conduct similar studies of the effect of the computer online games on the study habits. SCOPE AND DELIMINATION OF THE STUDY This study was conducted at San Gabriel Elementary school to find out the effects of the study habits games on academic performance at selected grade VI pupils for the second semester year 2013-2014. The study made use of descriptive correlation method utilizing the questionnaire checklist to gathered data on the respondents. The respondent of this study were (100) selected grade VI pupils of San Gabriel Elementary school. This study focused only on the perceptions of the respondent who were being engaged in computer online games. DEFINITION OF TERMS Age is the length of time during which a being or thing has existed; length of life or existence to the time spoken of or referred to: Computer an electronic device designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations. Effects a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause: Elementary Education is used for schools where children from the age of about five receive primary education in some countries. Euphoric characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness Games this is the way of entertaining oneself; Internet is an electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world. Pupils a student in school Questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Although they are often designed for statistical analysis of the responses, this is not always the case. Selected carefully choose as being the best or most suitable Study habits are defined as the regular tendencies and practices that one depicts during the process of gaining information through learning. Your study habits play a big role in determining your success in the learning process. Survey a method for collecting quantitative information about items in a population. COLLEGE OF ST. CATHERINE QUEZON CITY 362 Quirino Highway, Sangandaan Quezon, City 1116* Tel. No: 330-4883/330-3620 CHAPTER 2q REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents review of related literature and studies that were utilized to strengthen the conceptual background of the study including those conducted in the Philippines and abroad. QUESTIONNAIRE DIRECTION: Please fill in the needed information below. Check the ( ) the corresponds to year answer. Name: ________________________________________ Age : ________ sex: ( ) male ( ) female 1. How much your penetration (â€Å"baon†) 10-25 Pesos ( )30-40 Pesos ( )50-100 Pesos ( ) 2. How much your budget to play online games. 10-25 Pesos ( )30-40 Pesos ( )50-100 Pesos ( ) 3. how much you spend time using online games. 1-2 hrs ( )2-3 hrs ( )4-5 ( ) 4. What type of games you like to play the most? ( ) action game ( ) adventure game ( ) racing game ( ) counter strike ( ) DOTA ( ) puzzle and soduko QUESTIONS YES NO 1. Do you love playing computer games? 2. Do you think playing computer games is easily addicted? 3. Do you think addicted to computer games will change your personality? 4. Do you think addicted to computer games brings negative impacts to our daily life? 5. Do you think obsessed on playing computer games will affect your academic results? 6. Do you think we can achieve a balance between playing computer games and studying? 7. Do you think addicted to computer games will affect the relationship with your family members? 8. Do you think discussing computer games always be the topic between you and your friend? 9. Do you think discussing computer games will enhance the relationship between you and your friends? 10. Do you think computer games addiction is a serious problem?

Sex in Advertising

Sex in Advertising Free Online Research Papers There is one major idea which designers and advertisers perpetually have at the back of their minds, and this idea is that â€Å"sex sells†. When we think of this we can relate it to a lot of things we observe around us especially in advertising. One can argue that advertising, particularly fashion advertising should not be focused on sex, which raises an important question- What is advertising? Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified sponsors through the various media (Bovee, 1992).† The issue of the portrayal of women as sex objects in reality is a strategy of marketing and at the end of the day the main goal is to get products sold. There is more to advertising than just taking a picture and putting the logo and clothes in it. There always has to be something â€Å"more, different, creative or out of the box thinking† that makes it a good advertisement. Unfortunately, that thing is an exploitation of a particular gender; females to be more specific. This particular demographic has been reduced to stimulants for sex, people ready for sex, having sex, submissive people, unprepared people, promiscuous people, and sex objects, stereotyped to people who have to be slim causing anorexia. These advertisements have degraded them to objects especially in the fashion industry. Purpose of study The main purpose of our research is to examine the role of women in advertisements and will seek to answer the debated question of whether â€Å"the way women are portrayed sexually is too extreme or absolutely necessary†. The purpose of this study therefore, is to seek an answer to the question, â€Å"are women used as sex objects in fashion advertising?† Ultimately the goal of people who want to sell clothes is to make money. Aside from the need of profit, legendary fashion designers like Calvin Klein have been noted to say that the reason why they make clothes is because they see a vision or void or can offer some form of creativity to the fashion world (Marsh, 2003). Calvin Klein’s vision may be real and be a reality at the same time but what needs to be known is that Calvin Klein is a brand, Calvin Klein has a parent company called Phillip Van Huesen, Calvin Klein is known in most parts of the civilized world and has grossed over $1 Billion (156 Billion Naira) as profit and it has to keep on doing so (Fajarado, 2008). There are millions of people that can do what it does and probably even better. The point where fashion and advertising meet is what Calvin Klein has mastered and he knows that there is a need to keep a reputation in form of a brand and he needs to sell in any way possible. Calvin Klein is a brand that made $5 billion in 2007 and a brand that has had over thirty controversial campaigns with cases of female pornography, child pornography, keeping slim era and mostly female exploitation or nudity in the thirty years of existence. Advertising may sometimes be seen as underrated and many people do not know the value or the impact advertising has on the world. For example, if a young Nigerian should adopt the mindset of 1995; when the internet was not that popular and when old magazines were all we could get to keep up with the world. We would remember products like Gatorade (Sports Illustrated), Apple (Computer Shopper), Rolex (Time Magazine Inside Front Cover) and Marc Ecko and his weird designs (XXL,Vibe). People continuously saw these brands and even if they did not spend more than two seconds observing the advertisement there would be some form of representation of it in their minds. The kinds of advertisements people observed for more than two seconds were those who showed a woman’s breast, a woman in a bikini, a woman dressed expensively or something that they generally would not be able to afford but would look forward too. Advertising companies noticed that too and used that as an opportunity to exploit the female. Advertising has a major role in building a company’s brand. Now every company wanted to have their brand and it became even fiercer in the fashion industry where someone’s vision had to succeed and be known as the best in the world because there were too many people. The process of branding and advertising now became even more exploited because there is nothing as good as controversy, observing an ad for more than two seconds and wanting to know why a naked woman is there. Naturally the average human being takes more interest in whatever draws his/her curiosity the most Sex in Advertising: The Sex Theme is the most prominent that has occurred over the years and different brands have adopted it continually. Gallup Robinson, an advertising and marketing research firm reported that: ‘In more than 50 years of testing advertising effectiveness, it has found the use of the erotic to be a significantly above-average technique in communicating with the marketplace, although one of the more dangerous for the advertiser. Weighted down with taboos and volatile attitudes, sex is a Code Red advertising technique; handle with care and sellers beware; all of which makes it even more intriguing (Gallup Robinson, 2007). There are always many feminist complaints when people see these controversial campaigns. This statement shows that sex actually does sell from relatively explicit displays of sexual acts, down to the use of basic cosmetics to enhance attractive features. Although most researchers would value Wikipedia as untrustworthy; there was a statement that explained exactly what sex in advertising does and how it has progressed; â€Å"In recent years ads for jeans, perfumes and many other products have featured provocative images that were designed to elicit sexual responses from as large a cross section of the population as possible, to shock by their ambivalence, or to appeal to repressed sexual desires, which are thought to carry a stronger emotional load. Increased tolerance, more tempered censorship, emancipation developments and increasing buying power of previously neglected appreciative target groups in rich markets (mainly in the west) have led to a marked increase in the share of attractive flesh on display. Fashion based advertising should be about the clothes, bags, shoes, perfumes and other fashion accessories. It is logical when celebrities endorse products or when a model promotes a particular brand. It is however not acceptable when they are dressed indecently or in partial nudity. When this occurs, the attention shifts from the product, which is the main purpose of the advertisement to the model’s body. Dr. Tom Reichert studied sex in advertisement effectively and said: â€Å"Sex is only used to grab attention.† These critics should update their thinking because research indicates that sex is used for more than attracting attention. 73%, almost three-quarters, of sexual ads in magazines contained a sex-related brand benefit. Common themes followed the â€Å"Buy this, get this† formula. If you buy our product: (1) You’ll be more sexually attractive, (2) have more or better sex, or (3) just feel sexier for your own sake. He also pointed out that many other companies have successfully used sex in advertising for sustained periods of time, and sex in advertising works in other ways beyond gaining attention and offering sex-related benefits. Suffice to say that as long at people desire to be attractive to others, and as long as people desire romance, intimacy, and love, and all the wonderful feelings they involve, advertisers can show how their products help meet th ose needs and desires (Reichert, 2008). Another PhD holder, Dr. Taflinger approached the sex and advertising theory in a different way. He summarizes the situation from a professional, intellectual and psychological approach of the female and male mind. He pointed out that sex is the second strongest of the psychological appeals, right behind self-preservation. Advertisers know that effectiveness and application are gender linked. The differences in male and female psychobiology cause different approaches to and perceptions of sex, both the act and its outcome. Taflinger also noted that there is a probability that in many products it is possible to find a sexual connection. That sexual connection is much easier to set up for men than for women. They are concerned with a womans anatomy as long as a woman looks young enough and healthy, she is desirable. Men also consider her beautiful, since to a male beautiful and sexually attractive are virtually synonymous. In other words he says through advertising it is easy to get a mans attention by using womens bodies and associate getting the woman if he buys the product. It is playing on his instinctive rather than intellectual view of the world. The ad spends no time discussing her qualifications for sexual desire her mere existence is enough. He bluntly pointed out that to sell to a woman, advertising relies on that modern idea about how men and women relate which is romance and sex as earlier pointed out. These observations and research has come to the conclusion that sex is a strong appeal t o use in advertising (Taflinger, 1996). Sex, women and advertising are very much effective because people still use them every time to get attention. Fashion magazines are the main platforms where these kinds of advertisements are found. One would not see an advertisement for Gucci in The Economist or a Victoria’s Secret advertisement in TIME or Forbes. From research conducted all the fifty advertisements that had some sexual connotation where from fashion magazines. Elle, W, V, Cosmopolitan, Vogue, Marie Claire and Vanity Fair were major magazines that embrace these advertisements. According to Conde Nast, the parent company of Vogue; the advertisement rate in the magazine is as much as $128,000 per page and the circulation rate is over a million. These magazines unfortunately will not prevent those kinds of advertisements because they are their major source of income and they would describe the ads as creative, innovative, different, trend setting and expression of the mind through the clothes. This is why sexuall y undertone is still present in magazines. Activists have tried to fight it and question it; but so far the only thing with regards to fashion magazines that they have been a bit productive with is fighting anorexia which is as big as a deal as portrayal of women in advertisements. That is the only suitable environment for those ads because they pretend that it is not a problem. Unfortunately, what all magazines require is profit and these designers are what bring it. Methodology Most of the advertisements we observed in these fashion magazines all had some form of sexual portrayal of women. This research was done based on a five year span; 2003 to 2008. Unfortunately the issue of women being portrayed as sex objects is still a recurring trend and this has increased as the years have passed. In other words the case has become worse. A sample size of one Hundred (100) Magazines was used. Out of this hundred Sixty five percent (65%) where explicit, Twenty five percent (25%) carried moderately disturbing images and ten percent (10%) portrayed women in a respectable manner. But the fact still remains that women are used as objects which aid advertising and indeed sales of a product. Findings and interpretations After a thorough analysis of various fashion advertisements ranging from year 2003 to 2008, we have come up with a general perception that Women are indeed and more than often used as materials which appeal to the male market especially. We found out that in most of the sampled advertisements, the nudity displayed had no direct connection with the product being sold a good example is an ad by American apparel which displayed the bare buttocks of a young lady when indeed the product being publicized was a pair of thigh high stockings. Most of the advertisements generate enough attention because of the controversy; they get good publicity by exploiting women. Censoring Sexual theme in Advertising Jennifer Berger, the author of a website About Face.com says; â€Å"Ads never let us forget that a womans worth is determined by her appeal to men. Nothing else about her matters, not her thoughts, feelings, or experiences. She is an object to be judged, evaluated and deemed desirable enough by the observer. Her only power lies in controlling and manipulating her appearance, and even in that she is set up to fall short of the perfect ideal. When women are shown in positions of powerlessness, submission, and subjugation the message to men is clear. Women are always available as the targets of aggression and violence, they are inferior to men and thus deserve to be dominated, and women exist to fulfill the needs of men.† This observation is true because it does not value females in the society; it treats them like objects, animals and can even be compared or be worse than racism. According to a United Nations report, during the International Womens Day, March 8, 2001, the Office of Womens Policy in Victoria, Australia established a committee to address issues of concern regarding the portrayal of women in advertising. The committee stated that previous research on images of women has suggested that these images: -fail to portray a representative rage of womens real skills and occupations, particularly in positions of authority; fail to reflect the increasing diversity and richness of womens lives, or the range of womens contributions and achievements; and fail to represent the real variety of womens ages, shapes, sizes and colors. They also stated that this type of presentation of women is problematic because they can generate adverse perceptions of women. The fact that sex sells, according to the same report by Gallup Robinson, is shown by one of the fastest growing brands in the world, Herbal Essences Moisturizing Body Wash, whose sales climbed from zero to $700 million in seven years. Also through research in an advertisement archive called bwgreycale.com, we encountered some extreme Tom Ford advertisements of his perfumes. In 2007, there were three released advertisements; the first showed the perfume in between a womans bare breast and she used her hands to cover her nipples, the other one had the perfume on top the womans vagina and the third one had a female hand groping a males private part. All these were not edited or blurred in any way; they were shown explicitly. Through this he started getting popular because of his scandalous and controversial advertisements. This has been the most extreme case of sexuality in advertisements; others include Dolce Gabannas rape advertisement in 2007, Pumas oral sex advertisement in 2003, Sisleys 2003 campaign with a woman drinking milk from a cows breast, Calvin Kleins campaigns through the thirty years which have ranged from issues to female child pornography, nudity at a time when it could not even be accepted at all unlike now. Other brands include Christian Dior, Cartier, Pirelli, Jacob Co., Rocawaer, Vodka, Yves Saint Laurent, Jean Paul Gaultier, Belvedere, Moschino and Gucci. Conclusion: Sex in advertising, as in life, is here to stay. Its expression will be dynamic, changing to reflect the attitudes of its time. If people can accept homosexuality or marijuana smoking as good; it might be an indication that it would soon be widely accepted. So at the end of it all, it boils down to one thing; magazine owners, advertisers, investors and the models are all doing what they do for money; if not it would have been stopped a long time ago. There is little doubt that sex fascinates us all, but to the business man, the advertiser, it has an added dimension of interest; it sells. References Bovee, C.L. Arens, W. F. (1994). Contemporary Advertising. Boston: Richard D. Irwin, Inc. Conde Nast. (2008). Media Kit. In Conde Nast.com. November 23, 2008, Gallup Robinson. (2007). Sex in Advertising. In Gallup Robinson. Retrieved November 23, 2008, gallup-robinson.com/essay2.html. Holly Crimmins. (2008). About Face: Gallery of Offenders. In About Face.com. Retrieved November 23, 2008,. Jose Fajardo. (2008).History of Calvin Klein.In How to advice.Retrieved November 23, 2008, Marsh, L. (2003). The House of Klein: Fashion, Controversy, and a Business Obsession. Boston: Wiley Reichert, T. (2008). Branding Strategy Insider. Does sex in advertising work? November 23, 2008, from Taflinger, R.F. (1996). You and Me, Babe: Sex and Advertising. Washington: WSU Press Wikipedia. (2008). Sex in Advertising: Criticism. Retreived November 23, 2008, Research Papers on Sex in AdvertisingAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesDefinition of Export QuotasHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAW